See -dd on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "bled",
"translation": "bled",
"word": "blødd"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "lived, resided",
"translation": "lived, resided",
"word": "bodd"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "offered; commanded",
"translation": "offered; commanded",
"word": "bydd"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "died",
"translation": "died",
"word": "dødd"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "flown",
"translation": "flown",
"word": "flydd"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "proposed marriage; freed",
"translation": "proposed marriage; freed",
"word": "fridd"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "rubbed",
"translation": "rubbed",
"word": "gnidd"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "dressed, clothed",
"translation": "dressed, clothed",
"word": "kledd"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "laughed",
"translation": "laughed",
"word": "ledd"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "reached",
"translation": "reached",
"word": "nådd"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "rowed",
"translation": "rowed",
"word": "rodd"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "advised; prevailed",
"translation": "advised; prevailed",
"word": "rådd"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "happened",
"translation": "happened",
"word": "skjedd"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "turned",
"translation": "turned",
"word": "snudd"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "snowed",
"translation": "snowed",
"word": "snødd"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "predicted",
"translation": "predicted",
"word": "spådd"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "spread",
"translation": "spread",
"word": "spredd"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "sewn",
"translation": "sewn",
"word": "sydd"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "sown",
"translation": "sown",
"word": "sådd"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "believed",
"translation": "believed",
"word": "trodd"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "twisted",
"translation": "twisted",
"word": "vridd"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "non",
"3": "-ðr",
"4": "",
"5": "weak past-participle ending",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -ðr (“weak past-participle ending”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "non",
"3": "-ðr",
"t": "weak past-participle ending"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Norse -ðr (“weak past-participle ending”)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-daz",
"t": "weak past-participle suffix"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-daz (“weak past-participle suffix”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "-dd"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk -dd",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "-dd",
"t": "weak-verb supine and past-participle ending"
},
"expansion": "Swedish -dd (“weak-verb supine and past-participle ending”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Norse -ðr (“weak past-participle ending”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *-daz (“weak past-participle suffix”). In Bokmål, the dental ending appears as the doubled allomorph -dd in a limited group of vowel-final or historically vowel-final verb stems.\nCompare Norwegian Nynorsk -dd and Swedish -dd (“weak-verb supine and past-participle ending”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-dd",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"-dd"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "weak-verb simple-past and participle ending",
"translation": "weak-verb simple-past and participle ending",
"word": "-dde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "weak-verb supine and past-participle ending",
"translation": "weak-verb supine and past-participle ending",
"word": "-d"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "supine and past-participle ending",
"translation": "supine and past-participle ending",
"word": "-t"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "supine and past-participle ending",
"translation": "supine and past-participle ending",
"word": "-et"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "weak-verb simple-past, supine and past-participle ending",
"translation": "weak-verb simple-past, supine and past-participle ending",
"word": "-a"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Norwegian Bokmål terms suffixed with -dd",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "90 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "95 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "nå (“to reach”) + -dd (“supine suffix”) → nådd (“reached”)"
},
{
"text": "bo (“to live, reside”) + -dd (“supine suffix”) → bodd (“lived, resided”)"
},
{
"text": "sy (“to sew”) + -dd (“supine suffix”) → sydd (“sewn”)"
},
{
"text": "tro (“to believe”) + -dd (“supine suffix”) → trodd (“believed”)"
},
{
"english": "She has sewn the dress herself.",
"text": "Hun har sydd kjolen selv.",
"translation": "She has sewn the dress herself.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An inflectional suffix forming the supine of certain weak and irregular verbs."
],
"id": "en--dd-nb-suffix-C30VErHq",
"links": [
[
"supine",
"supine"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The dress was sewn by hand.",
"text": "Kjolen ble sydd for hånd.",
"translation": "The dress was sewn by hand.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "a carefully sewn garment",
"text": "et nøye sydd plagg",
"translation": "a carefully sewn garment",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "a turned chair",
"text": "en snudd stol",
"translation": "a turned chair",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forming the corresponding basic indefinite form of the past participle."
],
"id": "en--dd-nb-suffix-K3r0oOMF",
"links": [
[
"past participle",
"past participle"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dː/"
}
],
"word": "-dd"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-dd",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A suffix that forms the past participle of certain verbs (the third conjugation, verbs that have infinitives without -a)."
],
"id": "en--dd-sv-suffix-3mUZjx0C",
"links": [
[
"-a",
"-a"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-dd"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "bled",
"translation": "bled",
"word": "blødd"
},
{
"english": "lived, resided",
"translation": "lived, resided",
"word": "bodd"
},
{
"english": "offered; commanded",
"translation": "offered; commanded",
"word": "bydd"
},
{
"english": "died",
"translation": "died",
"word": "dødd"
},
{
"english": "flown",
"translation": "flown",
"word": "flydd"
},
{
"english": "proposed marriage; freed",
"translation": "proposed marriage; freed",
"word": "fridd"
},
{
"english": "rubbed",
"translation": "rubbed",
"word": "gnidd"
},
{
"english": "dressed, clothed",
"translation": "dressed, clothed",
"word": "kledd"
},
{
"english": "laughed",
"translation": "laughed",
"word": "ledd"
},
{
"english": "reached",
"translation": "reached",
"word": "nådd"
},
{
"english": "rowed",
"translation": "rowed",
"word": "rodd"
},
{
"english": "advised; prevailed",
"translation": "advised; prevailed",
"word": "rådd"
},
{
"english": "happened",
"translation": "happened",
"word": "skjedd"
},
{
"english": "turned",
"translation": "turned",
"word": "snudd"
},
{
"english": "snowed",
"translation": "snowed",
"word": "snødd"
},
{
"english": "predicted",
"translation": "predicted",
"word": "spådd"
},
{
"english": "spread",
"translation": "spread",
"word": "spredd"
},
{
"english": "sewn",
"translation": "sewn",
"word": "sydd"
},
{
"english": "sown",
"translation": "sown",
"word": "sådd"
},
{
"english": "believed",
"translation": "believed",
"word": "trodd"
},
{
"english": "twisted",
"translation": "twisted",
"word": "vridd"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "non",
"3": "-ðr",
"4": "",
"5": "weak past-participle ending",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -ðr (“weak past-participle ending”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "non",
"3": "-ðr",
"t": "weak past-participle ending"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Norse -ðr (“weak past-participle ending”)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-daz",
"t": "weak past-participle suffix"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-daz (“weak past-participle suffix”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "-dd"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk -dd",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "-dd",
"t": "weak-verb supine and past-participle ending"
},
"expansion": "Swedish -dd (“weak-verb supine and past-participle ending”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Norse -ðr (“weak past-participle ending”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *-daz (“weak past-participle suffix”). In Bokmål, the dental ending appears as the doubled allomorph -dd in a limited group of vowel-final or historically vowel-final verb stems.\nCompare Norwegian Nynorsk -dd and Swedish -dd (“weak-verb supine and past-participle ending”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-dd",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"-dd"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"english": "weak-verb simple-past and participle ending",
"translation": "weak-verb simple-past and participle ending",
"word": "-dde"
},
{
"english": "weak-verb supine and past-participle ending",
"translation": "weak-verb supine and past-participle ending",
"word": "-d"
},
{
"english": "supine and past-participle ending",
"translation": "supine and past-participle ending",
"word": "-t"
},
{
"english": "supine and past-participle ending",
"translation": "supine and past-participle ending",
"word": "-et"
},
{
"english": "weak-verb simple-past, supine and past-participle ending",
"translation": "weak-verb simple-past, supine and past-participle ending",
"word": "-a"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Bokmål terms suffixed with -dd",
"Norwegian Bokmål terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "nå (“to reach”) + -dd (“supine suffix”) → nådd (“reached”)"
},
{
"text": "bo (“to live, reside”) + -dd (“supine suffix”) → bodd (“lived, resided”)"
},
{
"text": "sy (“to sew”) + -dd (“supine suffix”) → sydd (“sewn”)"
},
{
"text": "tro (“to believe”) + -dd (“supine suffix”) → trodd (“believed”)"
},
{
"english": "She has sewn the dress herself.",
"text": "Hun har sydd kjolen selv.",
"translation": "She has sewn the dress herself.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An inflectional suffix forming the supine of certain weak and irregular verbs."
],
"links": [
[
"supine",
"supine"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Bokmål terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The dress was sewn by hand.",
"text": "Kjolen ble sydd for hånd.",
"translation": "The dress was sewn by hand.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "a carefully sewn garment",
"text": "et nøye sydd plagg",
"translation": "a carefully sewn garment",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "a turned chair",
"text": "en snudd stol",
"translation": "a turned chair",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forming the corresponding basic indefinite form of the past participle."
],
"links": [
[
"past participle",
"past participle"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dː/"
}
],
"word": "-dd"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-dd",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish lemmas",
"Swedish suffixes",
"Swedish terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"A suffix that forms the past participle of certain verbs (the third conjugation, verbs that have infinitives without -a)."
],
"links": [
[
"-a",
"-a"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-dd"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -dd meaning in All languages combined (5.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-07-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-07-06 using wiktextract (e62056b and e7887d5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.